Korean Language February 2, 2010
Posted by ifoundme in Korean, Languages.add a comment
I have a penchant for learning languages but what caught my attention now is the Korean wave which, I admit, had hit me so hard as I can’t stop watching Korean Dramas as long as I have time.
Because of this, I want to learn the Korean language and the culture. I know it will be a great challenge because, first, it is entirely new to me and second, it requires extra effort to understand the characters they are using.
So good luck to me!
Revival January 26, 2010
Posted by ifoundme in Uncategorized.Tags: reviving blog
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I thought I was going to bury this blog for good. However, I realized that I can have this place renovated, polished and advanced for my interests.
I first intentionally created this to make notes in nursing. But as months passed, I garnered interests in other hobbies, mainly photography, learning languages and personality development.
So because of these, I want to awaken this blog so that I will have a haven for my interest.
systemic lupus erythematosus March 1, 2008
Posted by ifoundme in nursing.Tags: cgfns, immunologic disorder, lupus, nclex, nurses, nursing, review
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main problem: exaggerated production of autoantibodies as a result of disturbed immune regulation
pathophysiology: abnormal suppressor T-cell function -> immune complex depostion -> tissue damage -> inflammation -> antigens stimulated -> stimulation of more antibodies -> cycle repeats
OR
immune system attacks the body’s cells & tissue -> tissue damage -> inflammation
related to:
1.) genetic
2.) hormonal – onset during childbearing years
3.) drug-induced – antiseizure, hydralazine, isoniazid, chlorpromazine, procainamide
outstanding signs and symptons: malar rash (aka butterfly rash) across the bridge of the nose and cheeks
signs & symptoms: systemic manifestations
skin – alopecia, chronic rash that has erythematous papules or plaques & scaling, oral ulceration
cardio – inflammation of various parts of the heart
respi – pleurisy
musculoskeletal – joint swelling, stiffness, tenderness, warmth and pain movement
renal – painless hematuria, proteinuria, glomerulonephritis
neurologic – subtle changes in behaviour patterns or cognitive ability, seizure, chorea, depression, psychosis
hematologic – moderate to severe anemia, thrombocytopenia, leukocytosis or leukopenia
diagnostic tests:
(1) erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) – elevated
(2) WBC and platelet – decreased
(3) Anti Nuclear Antibody Test , LE prep, anti DNA - positive
(4) chronic false (+) for syphyllis
classic signs & symptoms: fever, fatigue, weight loss, pleurisy, possible arthritis, pericarditis
medical management: goal is to prevent progressive loss of organ function
(1) treatment: management of acute and chronic diseases
(2) medicines:
(a) NSAIDS
(b) corticosteroids
(c) immunosuppressive agents
(d) antimalarial agents – for arthritis like symptoms
nursing management:
(1) do a thorough systemic physical assessment. inspect for erythematous rashes, cutaneous erythematous plaques with scale on scalp, face and neck
(2) note area of hyperpigmentation or depigmentation
(3) inspect scalp for alopecia and mouth and throat for ulceration
(4) provide appropriate oral care
(5) note pericardial friction rub and abnormal lung sounds
(6) observe for signs of musculosceletal involvement. note joint swelling, tenderness, warmth and pain on movemend and stiffness
(7) observe for signs indicative of renal involvement. note edema and hematuria
(8) do a direct neurological assessment. ask family members or signifcant other regarding behavioral changes
(9) note and report signs of depression, seizure and chorea
varicose veins / varicosities March 1, 2008
Posted by ifoundme in nursing.Tags: cgfns, circulatory disorder, medical surgical, nclex, nurses, nursing, review, varicose veins, varicosities
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main problem: turtuous, abnormally dilated, superficial veins due to incompetent venous valves
pathophysiology: reflux of venous blood —> venous statis
(1) primary – no involvement of deep veins
(2) secondary – result from obstruction of deep veins
outstanding signs & symptoms: dilated veins and feeling of heaviness of the legs
signs & symptoms: nocturnal muscle cramps, dull aches, increased fatigue in lower legs and ankle edema
diagnostic tests:
(1) duplex scan – anatomic site & measure severity of reflux
(2) air plethysmography – measures venous blood volume changes
(3) venography – injection of x-ray contrast used to evaluate valvular reflux
medical management:
(1) surgery – ligation and stripping of saphenous vein
(2) sclerotherapy – may be performed after vein ligation or stripping and only for small varicosities
how? – sclerosing agent is injected –> irritates the venous endothelium –> localized phlebitis & fibrosis –> lumen of the vein obliterates
nursing management:
(1) post surgery
(a) bed rest for 24 hours
(b) after 24 hours, patient is encouraged to walk every 2 hours for 5 to 10 minutes
(c) elastic compression bandage is worn for about 1 week
(d) foot of bed elevated
(e) administer analgesics as ordered
(f) inspect dressing for bleeding
(g) encourage patient to report hypersensitivity to touch and and sensation of “pins and needles“
(h) discourage standing still and sitting
(i) instruct patient to dry the incisions well with a clean towel using the patting technique rather than rubbing after shower
(j) avoid applying lotion to incision site to avoid infection
(2) post sclerotherapy – educate patient that a burning sensation in the injected leg may be experienced for 1 to 2 days.
diabetes insipidus February 26, 2008
Posted by ifoundme in nursing.Tags: cgfns, diabetes insipidus, disorder, endocrine distorder, MS, nclex, nurses, nursing, review
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diabetes insipidus – disorder of the posterior lobe of the pituitary gland
main problem: deficiency of antidiuretic hormone or vasopressin
related to: (1) secondary to head trauma (2) brain tumor (3) surgical ablation (4) irradiation of the pituitary gland (5) infection of the CNS (6) failure of the renal tubules to respond to ADH
outstanding symptoms: 3Ps – polyuria, polydipsia, polyphagia AND large volume of dilute urine
signs and symptoms: (1) craves cold water (2) patient tend to drink 2 to 20liters daily (3) hypernatremia (4) severe dehydration (5) weight loss
diagnostic test: fluid deprivation test – plasma and urine osmolality study done before and at the end of the test
how? – fluid intake is withheld for 8 to 12 hours or until 3% to 5% of the body weight is lost
(+) diabetes insipidus – failure to increase specific gravity and osmolality of urine
stop! - if patient experiences tachycardia, hypotension and excessive weight loss
nursing management:
(1) admin medicines as ordered: (a) desmopressin – intranasal administration (b) lypressin – intranasal administration (c) vasopressin tannate in oil – intramascular administration (d) Clofibrate & Chlorpropamide
(2) administer vasopressin with caution if patient with coronary artery disease – has vasoconstrictive action
